Kind of hard to also help someone out and understand their situation when they do not put a location in their profile or at least say they are from Fargo, ND!
I had a spare stat here for my 1.8t gasoline engine and the stat was stamped 87C which is 188F. So this being said, I would fully expect a Diesel engine coolant temp to read about 205F/96C as after about 10 minutes of driving. Again, the coolant sensor should read about 15F higher than the stat operating temperature.
I think what we keep running into is most Diesel owners are probably highway cruisers? Owners get these cars for the long distance fuel economy. So what happens is the thermostat is supposed to keep a minimum engine temperature, but in ADVERSE conditions, if you still have a good thermostat the radiator may need to be partially restricted? I assume the Diesels have a pretty big radiator, not seen one to date. But I think there have been so many complaints about the Diesels heat, everyone has decided that the Diesel's have poor heat. I would have to say that the Diesel's heat should be as good, if not better than a gasoline engine, but maybe someone can educate me on this.
So for the highway warrior, if the thermostat is soft, the cabin heat capacity will drop off as the car cruises on the highway if the stat is soft.
The ONLY way you can confirm engine operating temperature and if the thermostat is good is to use an OBDII tool that can display Live/Real Time data. EVERYONE needs one of these tools on hand. And for $30 or under most people can have an operational tool that will read and display Live/Real Time engine data.
Again, I would expect the engine to come up to operating temp in about 10 minutes of driving if the thermostat is good.
I am rather interested to see if my data points and comments are as true with the Diesels as with the gas engines. I would like to hear from some that have a "good" thermostat and an OBDII tool how quickly the engine heats up, how stable the coolant temperature is and how well the heat works. Because I would like to see the signature of a Diesel in the Winter. Make sure you also include the ambient outside temperature as a reference as well.
See a graph of what a car looks like with a good thermostat, this was not a VW Diesel, but it was a German make. This was not from a dead cold start, the outside ambient was in the mid 30F or very close to 0C and this was about a 40 minute drive. Also notice the vehicle speed. This is the type of coolant temperature stability you should see.
For those who do live in extreme climates, this type of oil/engine heater may be something to consider -
https://www.wolverineheater.com/Engine-Oil-Heaters-for-Cars-s/1814.htm